Green dragonflies are not considered rare overall, but some specific species and populations are quite uncommon. Dragonflies come in a huge variety of colors, so green dragonflies represent just a fraction of the total dragonfly diversity. Their green coloration provides camouflage in vegetation near water, where dragonflies live during their larval stage. While most dragonflies are abundant and widespread, factors like habitat loss have caused declines in certain green dragonfly species.
How many dragonfly species are green?
Of the over 5,000 named dragonfly species worldwide, about 8% display some green coloration. So around 400 dragonfly species have individuals that are partially or completely green. Most green dragonflies belong to the families Corduliidae, Gomphidae, and Aeshnidae. Some well-known green species are the green darner, green-striped darner, spinach green darner, and emerald dragonfly.
What makes dragonflies green?
Dragonflies get their green color from pigments called bilins. The specific bilin pigment responsible for green is called biliverdin. It is the same pigment that sometimes gives bruises a greenish tint. In dragonflies, the Arrangement and concentration of biliverdin in the cells of the exoskeleton determine the exact green shade. This can range from yellow-green to almost black green.
Why are some dragonflies green?
The green coloration mainly serves as camouflage for the dragonfly larvae, known as nymphs. Nymphs live underwater for months or years before metamorphosing into flying adults. Their green hue helps them blend in with aquatic plants to avoid predators. This camouflage protects them during the most vulnerable stage of their life cycle.
Are populations of green dragonflies declining?
For most green dragonfly species, their populations appear stable and they remain common in suitable habitat. However, certain localized populations and rare green species have experienced sharp declines. These declines are driven by threats like pollution, drainage of wetlands, invasive species, and climate change. Their specialized habitat preferences increase their risk.
| Species | Population Trend | Threats |
|---|---|---|
| Green-striped Darner | Stable across range | – |
| Singapore Darner | Critically endangered in Singapore | Habitat loss |
| Siberian Emerald | Near threatened in Europe | Wetland drainage |
Which green dragonflies are considered rare?
These green dragonfly species are considered rare, threatened, or endangered in parts of their range:
– Singapore Darner: Critically endangered in Singapore due to urbanization destroying their forest habitat.
– Siberian Emerald: Near threatened across European range due to wetland drainage.
– Verdant Clubtail: Endangered in Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland due to limited range.
– Bluetoip Demoicrynus: Critically endangered in Malaysia and Singapore due to deforestation and pollution.
– Robust Darner: Endangered in New Mexico due to habitat loss. Only two small populations remain.
Where can you find green dragonflies?
Green dragonflies occur on every continent except Antarctica. They are most diverse in tropical regions. Within their range, look for green dragonflies near clean, vegetated ponds, lakes, streams, and wetlands from spring through fall. Adults fly from early morning to afternoon. Larvae live full-time underwater.
What is the habitat of green dragonflies?
Green dragonfly habitat typically includes these features:
– Fresh water – Ponds, lakes, rivers, streams
– Aquatic vegetation – Provides food and shelter for larvae
– Mud bottom – For larvae burrows
– Emergent vegetation – Stems to climb on during emergence
– Sunny openings – For basking and hunting
– Forest edge – Tree cover and sun exposure
Can green dragonflies be kept as pets?
Keeping dragonflies as pets is challenging and not recommended. Nymphs can be collected and reared into adults, but require specific water conditions. Adults only live about 2 months and require expert care. Dragonflies are wild animals, so it’s best to enjoy observing them in their natural habitat. Capturing them for pets may be illegal without a permit.
Conclusion
While green dragonflies as a group remain widespread and plentiful, habitat destruction has driven population declines and even extinctions of some rare green species. Protecting wetlands and controlling pollution levels will give these fascinating insects the best chance to thrive. Finding a jewel-toned green dragonfly gliding above a pond remains a special nature sight.
