The American Bulldog is a powerful, athletic dog breed that originates from the American South. They were originally bred as working farm dogs for hunting, guarding livestock, and helping with other ranch tasks. Today, the American Bulldog continues to be a popular companion and family dog. There are 5 main types or strains of the American Bulldog that each have slightly different physical characteristics and temperaments.
1. Johnson Type
The Johnson type American Bulldog was bred by John D. Johnson of Summerville, Georgia. They have a bulkier, stockier build and a shorter muzzle than other types. Johnson Bulldogs are very strong and muscular, with a broad head and sturdy body. They typically weigh between 60-120 lbs as adults. Here are some key attributes of this type:
- Stocky, thick body build
- Shorter muzzle
- Very muscular and athletic
- Friendly, loyal temperament
- Energetic and active
- Excellent watchdog abilities
The Johnson American Bulldog generally has a lower prey drive than other Bulldog types, making them great family companions. They are protective and alert, while also being gentle and friendly with their owners. Johnson-type dogs are intelligent and trainable.
2. Scott Type
Scott type American Bulldogs were developed by John D. Johnson’s breeding partner Alan Scott in the 1960s. Scott-type dogs have a slightly leaner, more athletic build and longer muzzles. They are lighter and faster than Johnson types. Here are some attributes of Scott American Bulldogs:
- Leaner build while still muscular
- Longer muzzle and legs
- Very athletic and agile
- Higher energy and drive
- Can have dog aggression issues
- Higher prey drive
The Scott American Bulldog is an active, alert dog with quick reflexes and strong territorial instincts. They typically weigh between 50-80 lbs. Scott types have a high work drive and can be more dog aggressive than other strains if not properly socialized. Owners should be experienced with high-energy breeds.
3. Standard Type
The standard or “bully” type American Bulldog has a medium build that falls between the stocky Johnson and athletic Scott types. They exhibit moderate body size, muscle mass, and muzzle length compared to the other two main strains. Here are some standard American Bulldog attributes:
- Moderate size and muscle mass
- Medium length muzzle
- Active and energetic
- Strong work and guarding instincts
- Intelligent and trainable temperament
Standard American Bulldogs weigh 60-80 lbs typically as adult dogs. They make excellent working and companion dogs due to their balanced size, strength and temperament. The standard type has moderate exercise needs and is very loyal to its family.
4. Hybrid Type
Hybrid American Bulldogs are a cross between two or more of the Johnson, Scott and Standard types. Breeders create hybrid dogs to attain desired characteristics from the different strains. Some attributes of hybrid American Bulldogs can include:
- Wide range of sizes and appearance
- Moderate to high energy levels
- Combination of traits from parent strains
- Can make good family companions
Since hybrid American Bulldogs can vary widely depending on their parentage, it’s important to learn about the specific cross when considering one of these dogs. Their size, activity needs and temperament will differ on an individual basis.
5. Classic or Old Southern Whites Type
The classic or Old Southern Whites type of American Bulldog descends from some of the original working plantation dogs in the American South. They have a tall, lean build and elongated head. Classic Bulldogs are athletic and energetic with a strong prey drive. Some attributes of this type include:
- Lean, narrow body
- Long legs and muzzle
- Very athletic with high energy
- Active foraging instincts
- Can be dog aggressive
The classic or Old Southern Whites American Bulldog requires extensive exercise and stimulation. They weigh between 50-80 lbs typically. These dogs are not recommended for novice owners due to their high prey drive and difficulty with training and socialization. An experienced owner is required.
American Bulldog Size Comparisons
Here is a helpful table comparing the general size and physical differences between the 5 types of American Bulldogs:
| Type | Size/Build | Muzzle Length | Activity Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson | Stocky, thick | Short | Moderate |
| Scott | Lean, athletic | Long | High |
| Standard/Bully | Medium | Medium | Moderate to High |
| Hybrid | Varies widely | Varies | Moderate to High |
| Classic/Old Southern Whites | Lean and narrow | Long | Very High |
As you can see, there are noticeable differences between the body type, head shape, and activity requirements of each American Bulldog strain. Considering these factors will help match prospective owners to the right type for their lifestyle and experience level.
Temperament Comparison
In addition to physical differences, the various types of American Bulldogs can also have slightly different temperaments. Here is an overview:
| Type | Temperament |
|---|---|
| Johnson | Friendly, loyal, lower prey drive |
| Scott | Alert, territorial, higher prey drive |
| Standard/Bully | Loyal, protective, moderate prey drive |
| Hybrid | Varies depending on parents |
| Classic/Old Southern Whites | Independent, very high prey drive |
American Bulldog breeds with lower prey drives like the Johnson type often make the best family pets. The high-energy Classic strain is better suited for experienced owners. Consulting an expert breeder is recommended to learn about the expected temperament based on parentage.
Exercise and Training Needs
American Bulldogs are working dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation. However, the amount they need can vary between the different types. Here are the general exercise needs for each type:
| Type | Exercise Needs |
|---|---|
| Johnson | Moderate – 40 minutes/day |
| Scott | High – Over 1 hour/day |
| Standard/Bully | Moderate to High – 30-60 minutes/day |
| Hybrid | Varies widely |
| Classic/Old Southern Whites | Very High – Over 2 hours/day |
Mental stimulation through training, socialization, and interactive toys is also essential for American Bulldogs. Puppies should be properly socialized from an early age to prevent any aggression issues. Owners should be prepared to provide consistent leadership, training, and activity for these energetic, intelligent dogs.
American Bulldog Health
In general, American Bulldogs are a hearty, healthy breed with an average lifespan of 10-15 years. However, like all dogs, they can be prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeding practices help reduce the chances of inherited diseases.
Some health issues that can affect American Bulldogs include:
- Hip dysplasia – joint problem causing arthritis
- Eligopathy – joint inflammation
- Cataracts – eye clouding
- Entropion – eyelid folding inward
- Cancer
- Heart conditions
- Allergies
Overall, the American Bulldog is a robust breed with good health. Buying from a reputable breeder and maintaining vet checkups helps ensure a long, healthy life. Proper nutrition, exercise, and weight management also promotes wellness.
Finding an American Bulldog Puppy
For those interested in adding one of these amazing dogs to their family, doing the proper research is crucial. Here are some tips for finding a healthy American Bulldog puppy:
- Seek out responsible, ethical breeders who health test
- Meet parent dogs whenever possible to observe temperament
- Ask about health history of puppy’s line
- Avoid pet stores or backyard breeders
- Be prepared for breeder waitlists
- Expect to pay $800-$2,000 for a puppy depending on the breeder
- Look into breed-specific rescues as an alternative
Taking the time to find a quality breeder helps ensure a happy, healthy American Bulldog puppy. Raising and training this breed takes dedication, but the reward of having such a loyal, loving companion is immeasurable.
Conclusion
The American Bulldog is a versatile, courageous breed with working dog roots. They come in 5 main types – Johnson, Scott, Standard, Hybrid, and Classic/Old Southern Whites – each with slightly different builds, temperaments, and exercise needs. Prospective owners should research the differences between the strains to choose the right fit. When properly trained, socialized, and cared for, American Bulldogs make wonderful pets and protectors for an active family. Their strength, loyalty, and affection make them dogs worthy of respect and admiration.