Keeping an octopus as a pet is an interesting and unique choice that requires special care and consideration. Octopuses are extremely intelligent, require large aquarium tanks with special filtration systems, and most species only live 1-2 years in captivity. However, for the right aquarist, raising one of these fascinating creatures can be very rewarding. When choosing a small octopus species for a pet, some important factors to consider are size, lifespan, temperament, and care requirements. This article will provide an overview of the best small octopus species that can make for suitable pets.
Dwarf Octopuses
Several species of octopus fall into the “dwarf” category, meaning they remain under 8 inches in length as adults. Their small size makes them more manageable for home aquariums compared to larger octopus species. Some popular dwarf octopus pets include:
– Octopus Wolfi: One of the smallest octopus species, adults only reach about 2 inches and have a lifespan of 6-12 months. They have a docile temperament and require a 10+ gallon tank.
– Octopus Maya: A bit larger at 4-6 inches, with a 1-2 year lifespan. Recommended minimum tank size is 30 gallons. Usually peaceful but can be a little skittish.
– Octopus Occidentalis: Native to the Pacific coast of North America. Grows to 5-7 inches and lives 1-2 years typically. Requires a 20+ gallon tank with rocks and caves. Shy but will become friendly over time.
– Caribbean Dwarf Octopus: Grows to a maximum of 3 inches with a 1-2 year lifespan. 20 gallon tank minimum recommended. Very active and intelligent, with a curious personality.
Bimaculoides or “Two-Spot Octopus”
One of the most popular pet octopus species is known as Octopus Bimaculoides, or the California Two-Spot Octopus. Some key facts about this dwarf octopus include:
– Native to the west coast of North America, from California to Alaska.
– Typically reaches 3-4 inches as an adult and lives 1-2 years.
– Recommended aquarium size is 10-20 gallons.
– Intelligent and active, with a bold and inquisitive personality that makes it fun to interact with.
– Two dark blue spots on the head make this species easy to identify.
– Capable of changing color and texture to match surroundings as a form of camouflage.
– Omnivorous – will eat live shrimp, crab, fish and sometimes even other mollusks.
The Two-Spot Octopus is a great choice for beginner octopus keepers because of its small size, relatively simple care needs, and interactive personality. Their short lifespans can also make them more manageable compared to larger, long-lived octopus pets.
Other Small Octopus Species
Some other small octopus types that can work as pets include:
– Atlantic Pygmy Octopus: Native to the Atlantic coast of North America and Europe. Grows to 2-4 inches with a 1-2 year lifespan. 20+ gallon aquarium required. Shy and reclusive by nature.
– White-spotted Octopus: From the Indo-Pacific region, reaches 4 inches as adults. 1-2 year lifespan and need 30+ gallon tank. Docile temperament when acclimated.
– Caribbean Reef Octopus: Despite the name, one of the smaller species at 6 inches fully grown. Also 1-2 years lifespan. 30 gallon minimum tank. Needs rocky caves and crevices. Bold and interactive personality.
– East Pacific Red Octopus: Grows to a maximum of 6 inches with a 1-2 year lifespan. 20+ gallon aquarium required. Intelligent and active but reclusive.
– Pearly White Octopus: A variable colorations and patterns. Reaches 4 inches in size and lives 1-2 years typically. 30+ gallon tank needed. Docile temperament but hides often.
While these species can work as pets, some of the more reclusive and shy octopus types may not be ideal if you are looking for an interactive pet. The bimaculoides, Caribbean reef, and East Pacific red octopuses tend to have the best captive personalities and activity levels.
Octopus Care Guidelines
Properly caring for an octopus requires specialized tank setups and care considerations:
– Aqueous ammonia and nitrate levels must be kept close to 0ppm. Octopuses are very sensitive to water quality.
– Protein skimmers, live rock, strong filtration, and frequent partial water changes are required to maintain water parameters.
– Gravel substrates are ideal, as octopuses like to dig. Plastic screen tops prevent escape.
– Octopuses are escape artists! Tanks must have tight sealing, secure lids. No holes or gaps.
– Varied enclosure decor such as rocks, plastic plants and tunnels should be provided.
– Water temperature around 75F and specific gravity between 1.020-1.025 is ideal.
– Feeding live foods like shrimp, crabs, and shellfish recommended 2-3 times per week.
– Interaction and stimulation is needed to keep octopuses active and mentally stimulated.
– Octopuses require dedication and work, but can be very interesting and responsive pets! Always research a species thoroughly before acquiring one.
Choosing a Reputable Octopus Source
It’s important to obtain captive bred octopus rather than wild caught ones. Reputable saltwater aquarium stores, cephalopod enthusiasts networks, and ethical breeders are the best sources for pet octopuses. Many octopus species are also seasonal breeders, so availability fluctuates throughout the year. Be wary of stores selling species that are illegal to import or ship without permits, like the Giant Pacific Octopus.
Octopus Handling and Interaction
Most species of small octopus are too fragile to be handled often. Their skin and mantle can get damaged easily. Brief handling should only be done with wet bare hands by gently cupping underneath the octopus. Minimize handling to periods of tank maintenance only.
Octopuses are very intelligent and get stimulation from interacting with their owners in various ways:
– Hand feeding is a great bonding activity and enrichment for an octopus. Use tweezers to present food.
– Tracking a target stick or laser pointer held by the owner engages their natural hunting behaviors.
– Novel objects like puzzles with food treats stimulate curiosity and problem solving abilities.
– Changing aquascapes and tank decor creates a dynamic environment for them to explore.
Frequent interaction enriches the octopus’ life in captivity. A variety of daily activities maintains optimal octopus health and wellbeing.
Conclusion
For experienced aquarists, raising an octopus can be an extremely rewarding and fascinating pet experience. Their sizable tank requirements, sensitivity to water conditions, short lifespans, and need for stimulation mean they are not pets for everyone. Dwarf species like the Two-Spot Octopus make the best pets due to their small adult sizes and interactiveness. Always thoroughly research an octopus species before getting one as a pet. Their specialized care and enrichment needs must be met to ensure a full, healthy life in captivity. With the right setup and owner dedication, a small octopus can become an interactive, entertaining underwater pet.
